id,title,description,date_created,date_modified,date_published,original_publication_date,publication_doi,provider,is_published,reviews_state,version,is_latest_version,preprint_doi,license,tags_list,tags_data,contributors_list,contributors_data,first_author,subjects_list,subjects_data,download_url,has_coi,conflict_of_interest_statement,has_data_links,has_prereg_links,prereg_links,prereg_link_info,last_updated 5z8ue_v1,Patient Satisfaction Following Phlebectomy for Prominent Temporal and Periorbital Facial Veins – Results from Our First Cohort of Patients.,"Background: Prominent veins in the temporal and periorbital regions of the face are a significant cosmetic concern, impacting self-confidence and prompting patients to seek treatment. Aesthetic phlebology is gaining popularity, and the demand for facial vein treatments has increased. While transcutaneous laser is effective for treating flat or superficial veins, bulging veins often require surgical removal via phlebectomy. Despite growing interest in facial vein treatments, there is limited published research evaluating patient satisfaction following facial phlebectomy. The lack of information on patient-reported outcomes highlights the need for further investigation. This study aimed to assess patient satisfaction in our first cohort of patients. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted on 22 patients who underwent facial phlebectomy, primarily for temporal and periorbital veins, between June 2015 and October 2021. The procedure was performed under local anaesthesia using micro-incisions and hook phlebectomy. Post-treatment outcomes were assessed using a structured questionnaire, collecting qualitative feedback and quantitative data via a 5-point Likert scale (1 = worst, 5 = best). Results: Of the 22 patients, 13 responded to the questionnaire (59% response rate), with 12 providing usable data. Respondents mean age was 45.4 years (range 28–64), with 10 females and 2 males. Mean satisfaction scores were: • Vein disappearance: 3.8/5 (range 2–5) • Scar appearance: 4.4/5 (range 3–5) • Overall satisfaction: 4.2/5 (range 2–5) • Willingness to recommend the procedure: 4.1/5 (range 2–5) No complications including infection, numbness, persistent pain, or significant scarring, were reported. Conclusion: Phlebectomy for temporal and periorbital veins is a safe and effective procedure for larger facial veins unsuitable for transcutaneous laser treatment. High satisfaction rates and minimal complications support its continued use as a cosmetic treatment option. Further research involving larger cohorts and long-term follow-up is recommended to validate these findings and optimise patient outcomes.",2025-02-21T14:06:30.279991,2025-02-21T14:29:51.822852,2025-02-21T14:19:50.492725,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5z8ue_v1,CC0 1.0 Universal,facial veins; periorbital veins; phlebectomy; temporal veins,"[""facial veins"", ""periorbital veins"", ""phlebectomy"", ""temporal veins""]",Simon D Muschamp; Leonardo Da Silva; Amanda G Nielsen; Mark Steven Whiteley,"[{""id"": ""vcbjm"", ""name"": ""Simon D Muschamp"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-5077-6312"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""qa7n4"", ""name"": ""Leonardo Da Silva"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""n3r58"", ""name"": ""Amanda G Nielsen"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}]",Simon D Muschamp,Surgery / Endovenous; Aesthetic Phlebology; General Subjects and Opinions,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbf"", ""text"": ""Surgery / Endovenous""}, {""id"": ""63bc4b1f0a7f38410b2ca078"", ""text"": ""Aesthetic Phlebology""}, {""id"": ""644ac7030a7f380cbbae49e8"", ""text"": ""General Subjects and Opinions""}]",https://osf.io/download/67b88878a92f6baf92a55159,0,,no,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T21:06:16.286529 vf34q_v1,Total energy output from a diode endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) console does not vary depending on continuous or pulsed use – observed variations in power output may be due to sensor and power meter inertia.,"Background: Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) in truncal veins uses a constant power and smooth pull-back. In short veins (ie: incompetent perforator veins or neovascular tissue) power can be pulsed, allowing tissue cooling between pulses and reduction of thermal spread, protecting surrounding tissues. Power meter measurements suggest it takes over 2 seconds for a diode laser to reach 90% of maximum power output. Hence pulses shorter than 2 seconds might result in less energy being deposited into target tissues than indicated on the console. The aim of this study is to compare the power emitted from the tip of the laser device during continuous or pulsed use to that displayed on the console. Methods: A 600 micron radial fibre connected to a 1470 nm EVLA diode console was fired at 10 W onto a sensor connected to a power meter, until 100 J had been emitted, for each of the following: continuous; pulsed 1 sec on, 1 sec off; pulsed 0.5 sec on, 1 sec off. Each was repeated 5 times, and the power recorded every 0.1 sec. Results: The power meter recorded reduced peak powers in the pulsed experiments as expected, due to delay in reaching maximum output. However, all three protocols resulted in 94% of the total energy being emitted from the tip of the EVLA device. Analysis of the power data suggested that there was a delay in the power being recorded by the sensor and power meter both when activating and deactivating the laser. Conclusion: Pulsing the laser power did not affect the total energy emitted from the tip of the EVLA device. The delay in reaching maximum power recorded by the power meter appears to be due to a sensor delay responding to incident laser energy, rather than the output from the laser diode and console.",2024-10-02T07:33:08.529789,2024-10-02T07:52:40.624870,2024-10-02T07:52:15.840017,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/vf34q,CC0 1.0 Universal,EVLA; LEED; endovenous; energy; laser; measurements; power; power meter,"[""EVLA"", ""LEED"", ""endovenous"", ""energy"", ""laser"", ""measurements"", ""power"", ""power meter""]",Oscar F Berhanu; Mark Steven Whiteley,"[{""id"": ""ek4au"", ""name"": ""Oscar F Berhanu"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}]",Oscar F Berhanu,Surgery / Endovenous; General Subjects and Opinions,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbf"", ""text"": ""Surgery / Endovenous""}, {""id"": ""644ac7030a7f380cbbae49e8"", ""text"": ""General Subjects and Opinions""}]",https://osf.io/download/66fcf7468cd0cff22da20359,0,,no,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T21:06:13.113748 g2nvs_v1,"Cellulite reduction by Varipads® compression technology is superior to compression alone, improves quality of life, and reduces local lymph in tissues – results of a ‘split-side’ comparison trial.","Aims: Cellulite affects most adult women and has a cosmetic and psychological impact. Previous work has shown compression garments with Varipads® significantly improves the appearance of cellulite. However, that trial did not distinguish between the effect solely due to compression and that due to Varipads®. The aim of this trial was to identify any additional benefit due to Varipads® over and above compression alone. Methods: 62 biological women (mean 48 years – range 19–67) with cellulite were recruited. We specifically recruited in the following sizes: 10 small (UK Dress 8-10), 20 medium (UK Dress 12-14), 20 large (UK Dress 16-18), and 10 extra-large (UK Dress 20 – 22). Compression garments covered from waist to mid-thigh, with Varipads® on the left and plain compression on the right. Garments were worn for 8 hours in each 24, daily, for 6 months. Primary endpoint – subjects reporting a difference between the sides and asking for a garment with Varipads® bilaterally. Secondary endpoints were changes in quality of life (QoL) (Celluqol®) and transdermal water content (TDWC) (Lymphscanner®). Results: 42 (68%) subjects completed the 6-months trial. 32 of 42 (76%) saw a difference between the sides within the 6 months of the trial. Of these 23 (72%) saw the difference within 3 months, and 9 (28%) between 3 and 6 months. Overall, there was a significant improvement of QoL and reduction in TDWC. Subjectively, the most common comment was that the skin on the Varipads® side felt smoother and more toned. Conclusion: The addition of Varipads® to a compression garment that covers the buttocks and upper thighs, improves the appearance of cellulite in 76% of subjects compared to compression alone. Furthermore, compression with Varipads® both significantly improves QoL and reduces TDWC. This suggests that compression with Varipads® reduces the appearance of cellulite by stimulating local lymphatic return from the superficial tissues.",2024-09-25T12:59:20.975121,2024-09-26T08:51:41.015968,2024-09-26T08:51:30.590917,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/g2nvs,CC0 1.0 Universal,Cellulite; QoL; Varipads; compression; quality of life,"[""Cellulite"", ""QoL"", ""Varipads"", ""compression"", ""quality of life""]",Ashleigh Poulsen; Sarah S Duro; Mark Steven Whiteley,"[{""id"": ""sz8dh"", ""name"": ""Ashleigh Poulsen"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""agp8t"", ""name"": ""Sarah S Duro"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}]",Ashleigh Poulsen,Compression; General Subjects and Opinions,"[{""id"": ""63bc4af60a7f38410b2ca077"", ""text"": ""Compression""}, {""id"": ""644ac7030a7f380cbbae49e8"", ""text"": ""General Subjects and Opinions""}]",https://osf.io/download/66f40932beb218e4343cba53,1,Mark Whiteley is a shareholder and director of Coria Ltd. which owns the IP for the Varipads® compression system.,no,available,"[""https://cdn.clinicaltrials.gov/large-docs/81/NCT05959681/Prot_ICF_000.pdf""]",prereg_designs,2025-04-09T21:06:16.724318 nwcp6_v1,Pelvic Congestion Syndrome (PCS) and Pelvic Venous Disorders (PeVD) are not well represented in Obstetrics and Gynaecology Journals.,"Background: Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) or more latterly pelvic venous disorders (PeVD) is usually defined as a female health problem. However, it is our impression that gynaecologists rarely recognise this condition, and most of the research interest appears to be by vascular and venous surgeons, and radiologists. The aim of this study was to investigate if there was evidence to support this view. Methods: An online search of the PubMed® database was performed using the search terms “pelvic congestion”, “PCS”, “pelvic venous disorders” and “PeVD”, filtered for relevance to “pelvic veins”. Articles were collected from 2013 – 2024 and analysed for which type of journal they appeared in (obstetrics and/or gynaecology, radiology, vascular, venous, angiology, other) and what sort of article each was (original article, review, case report). Results: We found 281 articles published for PCS and 38 articles for PeVD, a total of 319 overall. There was a general increase in articles over the time course. However, 33.2% appeared in vascular and venous journals, 20.4% in radiology journals and only 11.3% in obstetric and/or gynaecology journals. There was no indication that the percentage of articles on PCS/PeVD was increasing in the female health journals over the time studied. Conclusion: PCS/PeVD is underrepresented in obstetrics and/or gynaecology journals. Most articles appear in vascular and venous journals. This gives rise to concern that women suffering from pelvic pain due to PCS/PeVD tend to consult gynaecologists, rather than vascular and venous specialists who are more actively involved in researching the condition.",2024-09-18T14:04:48.126715,2025-01-11T05:42:13.188969,2024-09-18T14:29:19.017847,2025-01-09T00:00:00,https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251314285,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/nwcp6,CC0 1.0 Universal,CPP; Chronic Pelvic Pain; Obstetrics and Gynaecology; PCS; PeVD; Pelvic Venous Disorders; Pelvic congestion syndrome,"[""CPP"", ""Chronic Pelvic Pain"", ""Obstetrics and Gynaecology"", ""PCS"", ""PeVD"", ""Pelvic Venous Disorders"", ""Pelvic congestion syndrome""]",Mark Steven Whiteley; Hannah A Imran,"[{""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""cx39r"", ""name"": ""Hannah A Imran"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Mark Steven Whiteley,Pelvic Congestion Syndrome,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbc"", ""text"": ""Pelvic Congestion Syndrome""}]",https://osf.io/download/66eade773c1fe4d02ffeeb66,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T21:06:17.703753 ytg5v_v1,Endovenous Laser Ablation in current practice (2024): Technical notes and the total-EVLA concept.,"Today, thermoablative techniques represent, in accordance with international guidelines, the most used methods in the treatment of varicose veins (Great Saphenous Vein, Small Saphenous Vein, Anterior Accessory Saphenous Vein). In endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) permanent vein occlusion is caused by energy-induced thermal damage of the endothelium, followed by subsequent fibrosis. The main wavelengths used in the field of venous insufficiency are included in the spectrum between 500 nm and 2000 nm. The advantage of the new generation lasers (>1900 nm diode lasers) is that allow to obtain a complete damage to the vein wall using a lower Power Watts (PW) and a lower linear energy density (LEED, J/cm) due to the greater absorption coefficient. Over the years, also different types of laser fibers have been developed to perform laser ablation treatment. Among the different types we can include the following: Bare fibers, Tulip fibers, NeverTouch “jacket” fibers, Mono-Ring fibers, Double Ring fibers and the new Infinite Fibers. Actually, the major varicose tributaries as well as the saphenous veins can be treated by EVLA. In our experience total-EVLA technique has proven to be safe and effective. It can therefore be a weapon to add in the ablative treatment of varicose veins.",2024-06-19T09:19:54.622398,2024-06-20T09:27:00.566645,2024-06-20T09:26:37.593595,2024-06-18T22:00:00,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/ytg5v,CC0 1.0 Universal,,[],Luca Palombi; Monica Morelli; Pier Luigi Antignai,"[{""id"": ""a24xe"", ""name"": ""Luca Palombi"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-5582-1269"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""s5fzn"", ""name"": ""Monica Morelli"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""mv7n4"", ""name"": ""Pier Luigi Antignai"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Luca Palombi,Chronic Venous Insufficiency; Surgery / Endovenous,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabb8"", ""text"": ""Chronic Venous Insufficiency""}, {""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbf"", ""text"": ""Surgery / Endovenous""}]",https://osf.io/download/6672a2c5b5a03600b09ff91e,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:49:56.633110 9cyrb_v1,"ANATOMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF INCOMPETENT CALF PERFORATOR VEINS; ULTRASOUND ANALYSIS OF OVER 14,000 INDIVIDUAL VESSELS.","Introduction The role of incompetent perforator veins (IPV) in venous pathology is controversial. It is generally accepted that they have a clinically significant impact in CEAP 6 cases as discussed by John Homans over a century ago. Previous studies of their anatomical distribution in the calf have been limited to cadaveric or clinical dissection and radiological imaging. Methods We present a large body of data and statistical analysis regarding the anatomical positions of calf IPV gathered over 19 years in a database maintained in a private vein clinic. This database contains 14,038 recorded individual IPV positions from 4531 patients. IPV positions were measured longitudinally in centimetres (cm) proximally from the medial or lateral malleoli. Transverse measurements were taken from the anterior tibial crest to produce a coordinate location for each IPV. These were then plotted to identify any visual clustering. These major clusters were then analysed using a density-based clustering algorithm OPTICS, to establish any specific, identifiable sub-clusters of IPVs. Results The total number of individual patients was 4531. 960 were males and 3571 were female. There were 14,038 IPVs in 7108 limbs. Four major clusters were identified; medial, posteromedial, lateral and anterolateral. Further subdivision of these homogeneous groupings using the OPTICS algorithm failed to produce any evidence of sub-cluster separation. Discussion This study suggests that IPV locations in the calf are more widespread and homogeneous than traditionally accepted. Eponymous names do not appear valid and a new nomenclature is suggested.",2024-05-23T04:21:33.834863,2024-05-23T04:46:21.738681,2024-05-23T04:46:00.656690,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/9cyrb,CC0 1.0 Universal,anatomy; duplex ultrasound; perforator veins,"[""anatomy"", ""duplex ultrasound"", ""perforator veins""]",Barrie Anthony Price; Tim J Fernandez-Hart; Charmaine C Harrison; Judith Holdstock; Mark Steven Whiteley,"[{""id"": ""e53wj"", ""name"": ""Barrie Anthony Price"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""xdm28"", ""name"": ""Tim J Fernandez-Hart"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""js9u8"", ""name"": ""Charmaine C Harrison"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""uhtgp"", ""name"": ""Judith Holdstock"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}]",Barrie Anthony Price,Chronic Venous Disease; Surgery / Endovenous; General Subjects and Opinions,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbd"", ""text"": ""Chronic Venous Disease""}, {""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbf"", ""text"": ""Surgery / Endovenous""}, {""id"": ""644ac7030a7f380cbbae49e8"", ""text"": ""General Subjects and Opinions""}]",https://osf.io/download/664ec4517894c30f57294252,0,,no,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:50:10.701427 5xmfp_v1,Consensus Conference on Standardizing Terminology for Venous Leg Ulcers: Increasing Clarity and Communication in Clinical Practice,"Significance: Establishing a standardized terminology via mixed research approach to enhance a better way to understand and describe chronic conditions and their related consequences, such as venous insufficiency and related Venous Leg Ulcers that are typically long-lasting and without a permanent cure, using an expert-based recommendation approach. Recent Advances: A panel of experts have developed clinical questions using the PICO method. Literature review has been conducted for relevant documents using CINAHL via EBSCO and MEDLINE via PubMed. Two authors have independently scanned the literature retrieved for eligible documents, following GRADE guidelines for relevance. The eligible documents were included in an evidence synthesis form. A jury of sixteen experts voted on the formulated recommendations using the Delphi method, and a grade of strength was achieved for each recommendation in accordance with the GRADE methodology. Critical Issues: Electronic search conducted retrieved 448 articles via all the clinical queries developed. The research strategy limits included randomised control trial (RCTs) and systematic reviews, not older than ten years, involving only human and written in English as the only language. Zero documents were pertinent to the purpose of this project after the screening. Six recommendations were developed; four of them were approved with strong agreement and two were weakly not recommended. Future Directions: The findings highlight the need for the revision of certain terms used to describe epithelialized venous leg ulcers. This document aims to initiate a discourse, explicitly refraining from advocating the imposition of a new terminology in the field of the venous leg ulcers assessment and management upon the existing lexicon. Limits to our work have been elucidated within the manuscript.",2024-03-20T13:20:53.146555,2024-03-20T15:18:42.474893,2024-03-20T15:18:12.951617,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5xmfp,CC0 1.0 Universal,CEAP Classification; assessment; consensus conference; management; quiescence; remission; sustained remission; venous leg ulcers,"[""CEAP Classification"", ""assessment"", ""consensus conference"", ""management"", ""quiescence"", ""remission"", ""sustained remission"", ""venous leg ulcers""]",Massimo Rivolo; Ilaria Teobaldi; Fabio Bellini; Fabio Granata; Paul Bobbink; Arturo Caniglia; Giacomo Clerici; Domenico Corda; Deborah Cesura Granara; Nair K. R. Harikrishna,"[{""id"": ""3wmy4"", ""name"": ""Massimo Rivolo"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-8578-5235"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""q9cz8"", ""name"": ""Ilaria Teobaldi"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""a4x5k"", ""name"": ""Fabio Bellini"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""jtdau"", ""name"": ""Fabio Granata"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""wb3za"", ""name"": ""Paul Bobbink"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""th9wu"", ""name"": ""Arturo Caniglia"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""xv84c"", ""name"": ""Giacomo Clerici"", ""index"": 6, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""6c5n9"", ""name"": ""Domenico Corda"", ""index"": 7, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""drbk2"", ""name"": ""Deborah Cesura Granara"", ""index"": 8, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""wtfy4"", ""name"": ""Nair K. R. Harikrishna"", ""index"": 9, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Massimo Rivolo,Chronic Venous Insufficiency; Leg Ulcer; Chronic Venous Disease,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabb8"", ""text"": ""Chronic Venous Insufficiency""}, {""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbb"", ""text"": ""Leg Ulcer""}, {""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbd"", ""text"": ""Chronic Venous Disease""}]",https://osf.io/download/65fae2babafcc80103441fb3,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:50:16.253907 6fhsm_v1,Bending and coiling a coated radial endovenous laser fibre does not affect power delivery from the tip – a short report of a pilot study.,"Background: Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) is one of the first line recommended treatments for varicose veins. During treatment, red light from the aiming beam can be seen emerging from the side wall of the catheter wherever it is bent. This is seen when the catheter is used as supplied, stored coiled on a plastic card frame. The aim of this study was to see if such distortions of the catheter results in a loss of power emitted from the catheter treatment tip. Methods: One 600µm radial EVLA catheter (Oberon Fiber Technologies, Wildau, Germany) was attached to a 1470nm diode laser console (Varilase, Vascular Solutions Inc, Teleflex, Minnesota, USA). Power emitted was measured by a power meter (EO19K-15S-H5, Edmund Optics Ltd. York, UK) connected to a recording device (Premier Power/Energy Meter, Edmund Optics Ltd. York, UK). The laser was fired continuously for 30 seconds with the catheter in the following configurations: straight line, coiled on the plastic card as supplied (diameter of loop = 16cm), 1 loop of 10 cm diameter, 2 loops of 10 cm diameter, 1 loop of 5 cm diameter. Each configuration was tested at both 10W and 6W. Results: Both 10W and 6W showed a power emission from the laser tip approximately 13% less than that shown on the console (approx. 8.7W and 5.2W respectively). However, for each power, there was no difference in emitted power with any of the catheter configurations. Conclusion: Despite the loss of red light from the aiming beam through the side wall of an EVLA catheter when bent, this does not correlate to any loss of emitted power from the treatment beam. The catheter performs with the same efficiency whether it is straight, coiled in the package as supplied by the manufacturer, or even bent into tighter loops than 5 cm diameter.",2024-02-25T17:20:26.745508,2024-03-09T12:55:54.598193,2024-02-25T17:34:21.465962,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/6fhsm,CC0 1.0 Universal,EVLA; catheter; endovenous; fibre; loss; power; transmission,"[""EVLA"", ""catheter"", ""endovenous"", ""fibre"", ""loss"", ""power"", ""transmission""]",Mark Steven Whiteley; Rosalba Paone,"[{""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""tkjme"", ""name"": ""Rosalba Paone"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Mark Steven Whiteley,Surgery / Endovenous,"[{""id"": ""633b0ebf850fea000a2aabbf"", ""text"": ""Surgery / Endovenous""}]",https://osf.io/download/65db76e16d0cb80d7f1a9e90,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:50:04.402803 anxuh_v1,Calf and forearm compression garments incorporating “AF pads” significantly increases reaction times for esports,"Aims: Video gaming (e-gaming|) is a wide-spread pastime with over 3 billion regular gamers, which continues to grow. Esports (competitive e-gaming) is very lucrative for top players with one competition recently topping $40 million in the prize pool. Anything that might improve a gamer’s performance would have wide appeal. We studied the effects of arm and calf compression sleeves lined with patented ‘AF pads’ (Anatomic Focus, West Sussex, UK) on e-gamers. Methods: 38 gamers (M:F 31:7, age range 16-18 years) played the same video game for 6 hours continuously, on two separate occasions, at least 48 hours apart. For the first session, the gamer wore their normal clothing, without any compression on their limbs. During the second session, the gamers wore fitted compression sleeves lined with AF pads, on both arms and legs. The gamers measured their reaction times before they started to play, and then after each hour of play up until 6 hours. Results: Before the game was started, as would be expected, there was no significant difference in reaction times. However, after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 hours of gaming, there was a significant improvement in reaction times when the gamer was wearing the compression sleeves lined with AF pads. Improvement in reaction times failed to reach statistical significance at only one time period, at 4 hours, for no apparent reason. Conclusion: Compression sleeves lined with AF pads worn on the arms and legs during esports significantly improves reaction times in e-gamers. We suggest that this improvement may be due to the improved venous return (and hence, circulatory enhancement) from the limbs during these games when the gamer is largely sedentary for hours at a time.",2024-02-14T14:21:30.843492,2024-03-09T12:55:54.463808,2024-02-14T14:39:20.382667,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/anxuh,CC0 1.0 Universal,AF pads; Gamers; compression; e-gamers; esports; reaction times,"[""AF pads"", ""Gamers"", ""compression"", ""e-gamers"", ""esports"", ""reaction times""]",James Fraser-Murison; Mark Steven Whiteley; Dimitri Aristotle Raptis,"[{""id"": ""c8xjw"", ""name"": ""James Fraser-Murison"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""bp75e"", ""name"": ""Mark Steven Whiteley"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6727-6245"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""3pwmz"", ""name"": ""Dimitri Aristotle Raptis"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",James Fraser-Murison,Compression; General Subjects and Opinions,"[{""id"": ""63bc4af60a7f38410b2ca077"", ""text"": ""Compression""}, {""id"": ""644ac7030a7f380cbbae49e8"", ""text"": ""General Subjects and Opinions""}]",https://osf.io/download/65cccc6e6d0cb800c21a9535,0,,no,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:50:01.969507 zwud9_v1,"Graduated compression socks can improve the circulation in athletes - the basis for ‘performance enhancement’: A randomised, crossover, controlled trial","Introduction: Evidence suggests that below-knee graduated compression apparel may improve training performance. However, its use to have the potential to truly improve sports performance still lacks firm evidence. Furthermore, the extent to which compression wear impacts blood flow has rarely been addressed. This study was designed to evaluate a novel, below-knee graduated compression sock (Anatomic Focus Limited) and to compare it with two other, well-established, leading, sports compression socks, assessing any changes to blood flow in the legs during exercise. Methods: This was a crossover, randomised, controlled trial whereby participants were allocated to three different graduated compression socks; Anatomic Focus (AF), product ‘A’, and product ‘B’, while carrying out pre-specified exercise on a treadmill. Prior, baseline vascular ultrasound doppler measurements from the popliteal artery and vein were obtained at rest. Results: 122 ‘healthy volunteer’ sportspersons participated; their median age was 30 (IQR 26-44) years, 90 were male (74%). AF popliteal artery blood velocity scored highest with a median of 140 (IQR 111-160) when compared to ‘B’ (median 131, IQR 107-156, p<0.001), and ‘A’ (median 127, IQR 107- 150, p<0.001) cm/sec. Similarly, popliteal vein AF measurements scored significantly higher, with a median of 45 (IQR 35-59) when compared to ‘A’ (median 40, IQR 30-52, p< 0.001), and ‘B’ (median 39, IQR 30-47, p< 0.001) cm/sec. Conclusions: The AF sports compression sock was associated with the greatest improvements in both lower leg arterial and venous blood velocities. It is considered that such enhancement of the circulation forms the primary basis for improved performance during (aerobic) exercise and sports.",2024-01-19T09:53:21.621744,2024-01-20T05:01:21.426631,2024-01-19T10:21:02.436137,,,coppreprints,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/zwud9,CC0 1.0 Universal,Graduated compression socks; compression hosiery; crossover trial; multi-discipline athletes; popliteal artery velocity; popliteal vein velocity; randomised controlled trial,"[""Graduated compression socks"", ""compression hosiery"", ""crossover trial"", ""multi-discipline athletes"", ""popliteal artery velocity"", ""popliteal vein velocity"", ""randomised controlled trial""]",Camila Hidalgo Salinas; Dimitri Aristotle Raptis; Anthony Lenaghan; Justyna Wojnicka; Nat Padhiar; Ciaran Padhir; Stephen Barker; Obiekezie Agu,"[{""id"": ""gbt7a"", ""name"": ""Camila Hidalgo Salinas"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""z9q6v"", ""name"": ""Dimitri Aristotle Raptis"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""jba93"", ""name"": ""Anthony Lenaghan"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""t9xqv"", ""name"": ""Justyna Wojnicka"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""ncqk7"", ""name"": ""Nat Padhiar"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""d7nh6"", ""name"": ""Ciaran Padhir"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""qb9ys"", ""name"": ""Stephen Barker"", ""index"": 6, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""582ym"", ""name"": ""Obiekezie Agu"", ""index"": 7, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Camila Hidalgo Salinas,Compression,"[{""id"": ""63bc4af60a7f38410b2ca077"", ""text"": ""Compression""}]",https://osf.io/download/65aa4698b1f2b5008cb0ef20,1,Stephen Barker BSc MS FRCS is the Medical Director for Anatomic Focus Ltd.,no,no,[],,2025-04-09T20:49:44.255141