id,title,description,date_created,date_modified,date_published,original_publication_date,publication_doi,provider,is_published,reviews_state,version,is_latest_version,preprint_doi,license,tags_list,tags_data,contributors_list,contributors_data,first_author,subjects_list,subjects_data,download_url,has_coi,conflict_of_interest_statement,has_data_links,has_prereg_links,prereg_links,prereg_link_info,last_updated
9x6ha_v1,PROFESSIONAL MARTIAL ARTISTS’ KINEMATIC AND KINETIC CHANGES IN VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN,"The COVID-19 pandemic has caused mandatory lockdowns leading to disruptions in sports training programs. This study aimed to determine the effects of a 16-week COVID-19 lockdown on body composition as well as kinetic and kinematic parameters of the countermovement jump (CMJ) for professional martial artists. Thirteen (n=13) professional martial artists participated in this retrospective cohort study. Subjects were tested on the CMJ at four timepoints: 1) pre-lockdown (pre), 2) immediately post-lockdown (post), 3) two weeks post-lockdown (post+2), and 4) four weeks post-lockdown (post+4). Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance and jump data were collected using a force platform sampling at 1,000 Hz. Individual repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted with pairwise post-hoc analyzes. Differences were observed in vertical jump height (VJH) of 10.33%, peak velocity (PV) of 3.10%, reactive strength index modified (RSImod) of 13.8%, and peak propulsive power (PPP) of 6.00% (p<0.05). There as an increase from post to post+2 of 13.06% in VJ, 4.12% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 4.66%. There was an increase from post to post+2 of 10.8% in VJH, 3.1% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 3.0%. Fat mass (FM) and BF% increased from pre to post by 13% and 11%, respectively, and decreased 8% and 11% from post to post+4 respectively (p<0.05). In contrast, there was an decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) from pre to post of 11% and a decrease of 8% from post to post+4. There were moderate associations between FFM and VJH (rmc=0.47), FMM and PPP (rmc=0.47), FFM and PV (rmc=0.47), BF% and PV (rmc=-0.42), and FM and PV (rmc=0.42). While the lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in CMJ performance and increases in BF and FM, subjects’ performance returned to pre-lockdown levels after only 2-4 weeks of post-lockdown training by decreasing BF, FM, and increasing FFM.",2021-08-18T15:34:38.777592,2021-08-29T17:59:42.712210,2021-08-24T02:13:02.316402,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/9x6ha,No license,COVID-19; Coronavirus; Detraining; Kung Fu; Vertical Jump; Wushu; repeated measures correlation,"[""COVID-19"", ""Coronavirus"", ""Detraining"", ""Kung Fu"", ""Vertical Jump"", ""Wushu"", ""repeated measures correlation""]",Erik Tan; Samuel Montalvo; Matthew P. Gonzalez; Martin Dietze-Hermosa; SEE Min; Sandor Dorgo,"[{""id"": ""bhxf7"", ""name"": ""Erik Tan"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""qm8d4"", ""name"": ""Samuel Montalvo"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-3104-3428"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""v3ncz"", ""name"": ""Matthew P. Gonzalez"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""gyqx6"", ""name"": ""Martin Dietze-Hermosa"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""8vp4m"", ""name"": ""SEE Min"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""sjga3"", ""name"": ""Sandor Dorgo"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Erik Tan,Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Biomechanics; Strength and Conditioning; Performance Analysis; Sport and Exercise Physiology,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Biomechanics""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1cd"", ""text"": ""Strength and Conditioning""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d5"", ""text"": ""Performance Analysis""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Physiology""}]",https://osf.io/download/611d28922dab24009225b42e,0,,available,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:59.135408
fkdby_v1,The Demands of a Professional Ballet Schedule: A Five-Season Analysis,"Periodizing rehearsal and performance schedules in professional ballet is difficult given a lack of published longitudinal data. We aimed to describe the structure of a professional ballet season, and identify factors associated with inter-dancer and inter-production variation in dance hours. Scheduling data were collected from 123 dancers over five seasons at The Royal Ballet. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate differences in weekly dance hours and performance counts across sexes, company ranks, and months. Random forest regressions were used to investigate factors associated with the variation in rehearsal hours across different productions. Performance congestion was observed in December, whereas total dance hours peaked between January and April. Differences in weekly dance hours were observed between company ranks (p < .001, range in means: 19.1–27.5 h·week-1). Seasonal performance counts varied across company ranks (p < .001), ranging from 28, 95% CI [22, 35] in principals, to 113, 95% CI [108, 118] in artists. Rehearsal durations were greatest in preparation for newly choreographed and longer ballets. Dancers creating roles in new ballets completed considerably more rehearsal hours than for existing ballet. These results provide a basis for the implementation of rehearsal and repertoire
periodization in professional ballet.",2021-08-09T13:35:04.692398,2021-08-11T15:14:46.260574,2021-08-11T15:14:14.476222,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/fkdby,No license,Athlete Monitoring; Dance; Injury and Prevention; Periodization; Training Load,"[""Athlete Monitoring"", ""Dance"", ""Injury and Prevention"", ""Periodization"", ""Training Load""]",Joseph William Shaw; Adam Mattiussi; Derrick D. Brown; Sean Williams; Matthew Springham; Charles Pedlar; Jamie Tallent,"[{""id"": ""67fzy"", ""name"": ""Joseph William Shaw"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-1538-9966"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""xbvjz"", ""name"": ""Adam Mattiussi"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-7287-6501"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""rk83a"", ""name"": ""Derrick D. Brown"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-9220-8025"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""adn3g"", ""name"": ""Sean Williams"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-1460-0085"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""hxc2s"", ""name"": ""Matthew Springham"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""d3ptu"", ""name"": ""Charles Pedlar"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-3075-9101"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""8ugz3"", ""name"": ""Jamie Tallent"", ""index"": 6, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Joseph William Shaw,Theatre and Performance Studies; Dance; Sport and Exercise Science; Other Sport and Exercise Science,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1bf"", ""text"": ""Theatre and Performance Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c0"", ""text"": ""Dance""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d0"", ""text"": ""Other Sport and Exercise Science""}]",https://osf.io/download/61112f14e38013042f960b92,0,,no,no,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:40.618235
ue96z_v1,Cross-sectional associations between wake-time movement behaviour compositions and indicators of mental health among preschool children,"Movement behaviours have been found to be important correlates of health for children and may be particularly important for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) who often experience greater mental health problems. To date, however, little research has investigated the daily movement composition of preschool children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and/or its association with mental health.  The purpose of the current study was to: 1) examine whether differences in movement compositions (i.e., sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous activity) exist between typically developing (TD) preschool-age children and those at risk for DCD (rDCD); and 2) investigate associations between movement compositions and mental health indicators. This cross-sectional study used the baseline cohort data from the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study. A total of 589 preschool-age children (Mage = 4.94 ± 0.59 years; 57.4% boys) were included in this analysis, of which 288 were classified as rDCD. Wake time movement behaviours were measured using accelerometers and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist to assess their child’s mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). Compositional data analysis techniques were used. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results demonstrated similar movement compositions between TD and rDCD children. Among the full sample, findings revealed a significant association between sedentary time and externalizing problems, however, each of the other associations did not reach statistical significance. These results are consistent with emerging evidence demonstrating similar patterns of physical activity and sedentary time among TD children and those classified as rDCD during the preschool years. Although movement behaviours explained little variance in mental health during this period, future research should investigate when movement compositions diverge, and how these changes may impact the mental health of TD children and those classified as rDCD later in childhood.",2021-08-02T18:08:57.668734,2021-08-12T17:44:09.002509,2021-08-12T17:43:34.871088,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/ue96z,CC-By Attribution 4.0 International,Developmental Coordination Disorder; daily time use; mental ill-being; physical activity; sedentary behavior,"[""Developmental Coordination Disorder"", ""daily time use"", ""mental ill-being"", ""physical activity"", ""sedentary behavior""]",Denver Brown; Matthew Kwan; Sara King-Dowling; John Cairney,"[{""id"": ""ku6py"", ""name"": ""Denver Brown"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-4078-8253"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""s9gbp"", ""name"": ""Matthew Kwan"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-9757-2771"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""evf2y"", ""name"": ""Sara King-Dowling"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""qw4yg"", ""name"": ""John Cairney"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Denver Brown,Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Medicine; Physical Activity; Motor Control and Development,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1ca"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Medicine""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1cc"", ""text"": ""Physical Activity""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d1"", ""text"": ""Motor Control and Development""}]",https://osf.io/download/610834bbe380130024960002,0,,no,no,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:47.196331
nr54f_v1,Situational analysis of physical education among public primary schools in Côte d'Ivoire,"Background. Physical activity is known to improve health and cognitive function in children. Yet, in Côte d’Ivoire, physical education (PE) receives little attention in the current school curricula due to insufficient time allocation, lack of fresh-up training for teachers, as well as insufficient governmental financial contribution towards school infrastructure, materials and sport facilities. 
Objective. In the frame of the implementation of a randomized-controlled trial, in which we will examine the effects of a school-based physical activity and multi-micronutrient supplementation intervention on primary school children in Côte d’Ivoire, we carried out a situational analyses of PE in eight randomly selected public primary schools in Taabo, Côte d’Ivoire, from November 2019 to March 2020 in advance. 
Methods. First, the study comprised a systematic observation of the school environment. Second, guided interviews were conducted with the Inspection of the Ministry of National Education of Taabo, and the general inspectorate of national education in charge of PE and sport at Abidjan. The primary focus in these interviews was placed on primary school organization, training of teachers, time allocated to PE in the official schedule, as well as monitoring and evaluation of the PE curriculum. Third, eight focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 40 teachers and 8 school principals focusing on the PE program, teacher`s perception and motivation towards teaching PA. Fourth, we carried out cost analysis to estimate the required financial resources for basic school infrastructure (sport fields), teacher salary and consumables, sport materials and equipment, which are required to meet minimal standards for implementing quality PE at public primary schools in rural Côte d’Ivoire. Last, we implemented a participatory dialog with an educational inspector, school teachers and principals to improve the situation of PE in Taabo. FGD transcriptions were transferred to MAXQDA for analysis. 
Results. In line with the national curricula, teachers perceive PE to be important for children’s motor and social learning. Despite this importance, PE remains a neglected school subject. The main reasons stated were (i) significant reduction of PE lessons per week in favour of academic subjects, (ii) lack of training, (iii) insufficient sports facilities and equipment, and (iv) absence of an evaluation guideline on how to grade a child`s PE performance. Our financial appraisal reveals that a minimum investment of FCFA 2’710’000 (~ US $ 5’000) per school is needed to establish a basic infrastructure at each school and to empower teachers to conduct standardised and quality PE in this area.
Discussion. The promotion of PE is currently not a key educational target in Côte d’Ivoire. Thus, the neglected importance at national level perpetuates the marginalized status of PE. Overall, teachers claim that the lack of support in a setting without proper facilities, equipment, and personal skills hampers their motivation to implement PE. 
Conclusion. In order to initiate a change to the current situation, evidence on the overall health benefits and academic performance of regular physical activity among primary school children is urgently needed to highlight the importance of this neglected school subject to education authorities",2021-07-21T10:01:46.600527,2021-07-28T16:58:26.801470,2021-07-28T16:57:49.477779,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/nr54f,No license,Children; West-African education system; curriculum; physical activity; teacher training,"[""Children"", ""West-African education system"", ""curriculum"", ""physical activity"", ""teacher training""]",Serge Ayekoe; Christin Lang; Gnamien Sylvain Traoré; Jürg Utzinger; Markus Gerber; Kurt Long; Uwe Pühse; Daouda Dao; Bassirou Bonfoh,"[{""id"": ""n39w4"", ""name"": ""Serge Ayekoe"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""xw4ps"", ""name"": ""Christin Lang"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-2532-9019"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""8q2n4"", ""name"": ""Gnamien Sylvain Traor\u00e9"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""ysgkf"", ""name"": ""J\u00fcrg Utzinger"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""2qdsz"", ""name"": ""Markus Gerber"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": ""0000-0001-6140-8948"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""8yx2k"", ""name"": ""Kurt Long"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""2ea49"", ""name"": ""Uwe P\u00fchse"", ""index"": 6, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""6q7cw"", ""name"": ""Daouda Dao"", ""index"": 7, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""4ptcu"", ""name"": ""Bassirou Bonfoh"", ""index"": 8, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Serge Ayekoe,Sport and Exercise Studies; Sport and Exercise Pedagogy,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c4"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c7"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Pedagogy""}]",https://osf.io/download/60f7f0909e682900c1394e83,0,,not_applicable,available,"[""https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3883-5""]",prereg_designs,2025-04-09T20:03:42.840411
3xaph_v1,The Impact of Cheering on Sports Performance: Comparison of Serie A Statistics  Before and During COVID-19.,"Background: The role of cheering in home advantage in sports performance is the subject of much debate. No definitive scientific evidence has so far been found capable of highlighting or denying its relevance. As pandemic restrictive measures (COVID-19) have prevented crowds from entering stadiums, analysis of the past two football seasons may reveal important new details. 
Objective: This paper aims to compare the statistics of the last two football seasons in Italy with the previous six, trying to highlight any pronounced and statistically significant changes due to the absence of cheering in the stadiums. 
Methods: We compared the average percentages of points obtained in home matches from 2013 to 2019 with those in the timelapse 2019-2021. The same operation was performed with referee statistics, such as fouls, penalties, and cards awarded against home teams. To do this, we used measures such as Welch's t-test and percentage increases. The distributive normality of the datasets was evaluated with the Shapiro-Wilk test and a graphical control. The lack of trend in the series was assessed with the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's Slope. Finally, Pearson and Spearman's correlations were searched between the percentages of points collected in home matches and total points, year by year, from 2013 to 2021.
Results: The average percentage of points collected by teams in home matches dropped by almost 8% (Welch’s t-test = -4.3). Moreover, the negative correlations between home collected points and total points in 2013-2019 timelapse have drastically diminished during the last two seasons (average Welch’s t-test = 6.0, 95% CI: 5.4 – 6.4), approaching zero. Finally, penalties against home teams have increased by 30% (Welch’s t-test = 2.6), reaching figures closer to 50%.
Conclusions: This research provides statistical evidence in favor of the relevance of home advantage in the top football league in Italy, such as Serie A. During the anti-COVID-19 restrictive measures - which prevented public access to the stadiums - a net reduction in the points collected by the teams in home matches was detected. In addition, the number of penalties awarded against home teams has increased significantly, approaching the ideal 50%. Since there are valid psychological reasons in the literature to support the crowd’s impact on sports and refereeing performance, it is plausible that our findings are causally related to the absence of cheering. Finally, as the averages of points collected at home remained far from 50%, our results suggest that a not negligible part of the home advantage in Serie A is linked to factors independent of the audience. Future research can deepen the above phenomena from a theoretical-psychological point of view.",2021-07-16T15:14:40.914568,2023-07-27T10:57:21.011824,2021-07-28T17:00:12.567646,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/3xaph,CC-By Attribution 4.0 International,COVID-19; Cheering; Crowd; Football; Home Advantage; Pandemic; Referees; Serie A; Sport Performance,"[""COVID-19"", ""Cheering"", ""Crowd"", ""Football"", ""Home Advantage"", ""Pandemic"", ""Referees"", ""Serie A"", ""Sport Performance""]",Alessandro Rovetta; Alessandro Abate,"[{""id"": ""zynxa"", ""name"": ""Alessandro Rovetta"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-4634-279X"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""yxgv7"", ""name"": ""Alessandro Abate"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Alessandro Rovetta,Sport and Exercise Science; Other Sport and Exercise Science,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d0"", ""text"": ""Other Sport and Exercise Science""}]",https://osf.io/download/60f1a2642fbdb4010dfc417c,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:04:17.899404
bejzs_v1,"A cloth facemask increased ratings of perceived exertion and reduced affect, but did not affect sprint or muscular performance during training in athletes","During the COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity of using face masks during sports is likely balanced by coaches and athletes between the risk of infection and their impact on exercise performance. To inform this decision, we aimed to test the effects of wearing a cloth face mask on exercise performance and subjective responses during training of track and field athletes. Participants (n=10) performed two training sessions with and without a 3-layered cloth mask in a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design. The training session was designed to simulate the specific demands of the sport that the athletes practiced. The sprint protocol consisted of performing five maximal 30 m sprints, with a passive 4-min interval between runs. Performance variables (sprint time, acceleration) were calculated using the sprint time data.  Jump performance was assessed pre- and post-sprints using a countermovement vertical jump. Throughout the training session, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and affect were collected. There was no evidence of condition x time interactions for sprint time (P=0.21) or acceleration (P=0.47). There was weak evidence of an effect of condition (P=0.05) on RPE, though no evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.35). There was moderate evidence of a condition x time interaction (P=0.02) for affect, with lower ratings following sprints 3, 4 and 5 when using the mask. These findings suggest that wearing a mask may negatively impact subjective feelings of training without necessarily harming sprint performance. During an unmitigated epidemic such as in Brazil, the protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with wearing a face mask appears to outweigh the increased discomfort and perception of effort related to this safety tool.",2021-07-15T13:56:36.043527,2021-07-15T20:49:40.857379,2021-07-15T20:42:52.461649,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/bejzs,CC-By Attribution 4.0 International,COVID-19; Exercise; SARS-COV-2; Sports; risks,"[""COVID-19"", ""Exercise"", ""SARS-COV-2"", ""Sports"", ""risks""]",Matheus Dantas; Rui Barbosa Neto; Natália Mendes Guardieiro; Ana Lucia de Sá Pinto; Bruno Gualano; Bryan Saunders,"[{""id"": ""fg4j6"", ""name"": ""Matheus Dantas"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-1815-2251"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""3hvda"", ""name"": ""Rui Barbosa Neto"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""fnxm2"", ""name"": ""Nat\u00e1lia Mendes Guardieiro"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""yk2px"", ""name"": ""Ana Lucia de S\u00e1 Pinto"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""5gr3e"", ""name"": ""Bruno Gualano"", ""index"": 4, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""rxjbu"", ""name"": ""Bryan Saunders"", ""index"": 5, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Matheus Dantas,Sport and Exercise Science; Strength and Conditioning; Sport and Exercise Physiology,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1cd"", ""text"": ""Strength and Conditioning""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Physiology""}]",https://osf.io/download/60f03e992fbdb40069fc3606,0,,no,no,[],,2025-04-09T20:04:12.260274
568ra_v1,Can we quantify the benefits of “super spikes” in track running?,"The recent and rapid developments in track spike innovation have been followed by a wave of record-breaking times and top performances. This has led many to question what role ‘super spikes’ play in improving running performance. To date, the specific contributions of new innovations, including lightweight, resilient, and compliant midsole foam, altered geometry, and increased longitudinal bending stiffness, to track running performance are unknown. Based on current literature, we speculate about what mechanical advantages these features may provide. Importantly, the effects of super spikes will vary based on several factors including the event-specific speed (i.e. 100 m vs. 10,000 m) and the characteristics of the athlete wearing them. Further confounding our understanding of super spikes is the difficulty of testing them. Unlike marathon shoes, testing track spikes comes with a unique challenge of quantifying the metabolic energy demands of mid-distance running events, which are partly anaerobic. For this reason, putting an exact number on the benefits from super spikes is difficult.",2021-07-15T02:11:47.657845,2021-07-16T15:55:07.175501,2021-07-15T20:41:34.422450,2021-07-14T04:00:00,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/568ra,No license,Biomechanics; Running energetics; Sprint performance; Super spikes; Track spikes,"[""Biomechanics"", ""Running energetics"", ""Sprint performance"", ""Super spikes"", ""Track spikes""]",Laura Healey; Montgomery Bertschy; Shalaya Kipp; Wouter Hoogkamer,"[{""id"": ""267sh"", ""name"": ""Laura Healey"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-0613-1629"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""23rfy"", ""name"": ""Montgomery Bertschy"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-4966-580X"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""7rsah"", ""name"": ""Shalaya Kipp"", ""index"": 2, ""orcid"": ""0000-0002-4628-3216"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""tr5s6"", ""name"": ""Wouter Hoogkamer"", ""index"": 3, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-0524-0196"", ""bibliographic"": true}]",Laura Healey,Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Studies; Sport and Exercise Biomechanics; Performance Analysis,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c4"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Biomechanics""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d5"", ""text"": ""Performance Analysis""}]",https://osf.io/download/60ef99670316ba00203d1207,1,Laura Healey is an employee of PUMA; Wouter Hoogkamer has received research grants from PUMA and Saucony.,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:40.675215
a7c9q_v1,Nose-down saddle tilt improves gross efficiency during seated uphill cycling,"Riding uphill presents a challenge to competitive and recreational cyclists. Based on only limited evidence, some scientists have reported that tilting the saddle nose down improves uphill-cycling efficiency by as much as 6%. Purpose: Here, we investigated if simply tilting the saddle nose down increases efficiency during uphill cycling, which would presumably improve performance. Methods: Nineteen healthy, recreational cyclists performed multiple 5-min trials of seated cycling at ~3 W kg–1 on a large, custom-built treadmill inclined to 8° under two saddle-tilt angle conditions: parallel to the riding surface and 8° nose down. We measured subjects’ rates of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production using an expired-gas analysis system and then calculated their average metabolic power during the last two min of each 5-min trial. Results: We found that, compared to the parallel-saddle condition, tilting the saddle nose down by 8° improved gross efficiency from 0.205 to 0.208 –– an average increase of 1.4 ± 0.2%, t = 5.9, p < .001, CI95% [0.9, 1.9], ES = 1.3. Conclusion: Our findings are relevant to competitive and recreational cyclists and present an opportunity for innovating new devices and saddle designs that enhance uphill cycling efficiency. The effect of saddle tilt on other slopes and the mechanism behind the efficiency improvement remain to be investigated.",2021-07-14T04:38:28.030784,2021-07-28T16:55:02.614827,2021-07-28T16:54:36.801020,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/a7c9q,CC-By Attribution 4.0 International,,[],Ross D. Wilkinson; Rodger Kram,"[{""id"": ""jxtv3"", ""name"": ""Ross D. Wilkinson"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": ""0000-0003-1439-7742"", ""bibliographic"": true}, {""id"": ""6tyg5"", ""name"": ""Rodger Kram"", ""index"": 1, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Ross D. Wilkinson,Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Physiology,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Physiology""}]",https://osf.io/download/60ee6a45924b4003734e4c46,1,"Koch-Bein, LLC has a patent pending for a saddle-related mechanism. Our laboratory also receives unrestricted financial gifts from Specialized Bicycle Components Inc., but they did not commission or fund this specific study.",available,no,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:47.094208
vcjdz_v1,A philosophy of transformational leadership may be the optimal approach for enhanced outcomes in healthcare and physiotherapy settings: A narrative review,"This review highlights the importance of leadership within modern healthcare settings and provided an overview of common healthcare leadership approaches, including transactional and transformational leadership. Research has identified leader characters and specific competencies which are required by leaders in healthcare in order to achieve optimal outcomes. Although both transactional and transformational leadership approaches have their strengths and weaknesses, the evidence presented suggests a transformational leadership approach better suits the specific competencies required within a healthcare leadership context. Interventional, survey and qualitative studies have found a plethora of benefits associated with a transformational leadership approach in healthcare, including better patient outcomes and higher staff satisfaction and motivation compared to other approaches to leadership. Studies conducted with nursing and physiotherapy staff have consistently shown better outcomes with a transformational leadership approach, which is significant as they represent the second and third largest healthcare professions by numbers employed, respectively. Transformational leadership therefore appears to be the most evidence-based approach available within healthcare, at a time when evidence-based practice is considered mandatory within the NHS. Effective leadership within the NHS has never been more critical than at present, due to reduced government spending in healthcare and the increased pressures on the system during the Covid-19 pandemic. Although a transactional leadership approach in isolation has several weaknesses in modern healthcare and may be considered outdated, some of its components still possess merit and may have an additive effect if implemented alongside an overall transformational leadership approach in order to achieve optimal outcomes for patients and staff in healthcare settings.",2021-07-10T12:17:11.493357,2021-07-15T19:52:27.480528,2021-07-15T19:52:01.762590,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/vcjdz,No license,Business management; Healthcare; Leadership; Performance psychology; Physiotherapy,"[""Business management"", ""Healthcare"", ""Leadership"", ""Performance psychology"", ""Physiotherapy""]",Ian Burton,"[{""id"": ""xm97t"", ""name"": ""Ian Burton"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Ian Burton,Rehabilitation and Therapy; Physiotherapy; Physical Therapy; Theatre and Performance Studies; Performance Studies; Medicine and Health; Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Studies; Sport Management; Sport Philosophy; Sport and Exercise Medicine; Psychology of Sport and Exercise,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1b3"", ""text"": ""Rehabilitation and Therapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1b7"", ""text"": ""Physiotherapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1be"", ""text"": ""Physical Therapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1bf"", ""text"": ""Theatre and Performance Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c1"", ""text"": ""Performance Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c2"", ""text"": ""Medicine and Health""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c4"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c5"", ""text"": ""Sport Management""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c8"", ""text"": ""Sport Philosophy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1ca"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Medicine""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d4"", ""text"": ""Psychology of Sport and Exercise""}]",https://osf.io/download/60e98fd4924b40019a4e4e6d,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:03:41.468135
g2kqw_v1,A Critical Review of Eating Disorders in Female Athletes and Evidence-based Interventions for Sports Coaches,"Eating disorders (ED) are serious mental disorders, which can have serious health consequences and high mortality rates. Due to facing unique risk factors female athletes have increased susceptibility for ED.  Female athletes are also at risk for subclinical conditions such as the Female Athlete Triad. There is a dearth of studies on preventing and identifying ED in female athletes and the role and responsibility of the sports coach is unclear. This study aimed to address the questions of whether female athletes are at increased risk for ED, what interventions currently show promise and what is the role of the sports coach in the intervention process. The study was based on a systematic review of relevant literature retrieved through PubMed and Sports Discus databases. 
Despite heterogeneity in prevalence studies, findings suggest that female athletes are at higher risk than male athletes and non-athletes and those in elite level sports or sports categorised as lean, aesthetic, endurance and weight-class are at increased risk for clinical and subclinical ED. Risk-factors unique to the sports environment such as weight pressures, competitive thinness and revealing uniforms, may lead to increased risk in female athletes. Despite a dearth of studies on interventions for ED in sport, findings suggest that primary prevention programs based on educating athletes such as ATHENA show most promise in prevention. Secondary prevention should focus on early identification using athlete-specific screening tools. Symptom checklists and pre-participation examinations can also assist coaches in early identification. Psychotherapy interventions such as CBT have had the best results for treatment. 
Sports coaches’ play a critical role in, early identification, referral, management and prevention of ED in female athletes. However, current findings suggest that many coaches lack knowledge about ED and require education to be able to intervene successfully in female athletes with ED. Inappropriate coaching behaviours have also been found to act as an additional risk-factor for ED. Recommendations for sports coaches in N.I. are provided to assist them in successful intervention, management and return to play of female athletes with ED.",2021-07-10T09:28:05.748482,2021-07-15T19:52:02.739526,2021-07-15T19:51:36.330042,,,sportrxiv,1,accepted,1,1,https://doi.org/10.31236/osf.io/g2kqw,No license,Eating disorders; Female athlete triad; Relative energy deficiency in sport; Sports Nutrition; Sports coaching,"[""Eating disorders"", ""Female athlete triad"", ""Relative energy deficiency in sport"", ""Sports Nutrition"", ""Sports coaching""]",Ian Burton,"[{""id"": ""xm97t"", ""name"": ""Ian Burton"", ""index"": 0, ""orcid"": null, ""bibliographic"": true}]",Ian Burton,Rehabilitation and Therapy; Physiotherapy; Physical Therapy; Medicine and Health; Sport and Exercise Science; Sport and Exercise Studies; Sport and Exercise Pedagogy; Sport and Exercise Medicine; Strength and Conditioning; Psychology of Sport and Exercise; Sport and Exercise Physiology,"[{""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1b3"", ""text"": ""Rehabilitation and Therapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1b7"", ""text"": ""Physiotherapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1be"", ""text"": ""Physical Therapy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c2"", ""text"": ""Medicine and Health""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c3"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Science""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c4"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Studies""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1c7"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Pedagogy""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1ca"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Medicine""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1cd"", ""text"": ""Strength and Conditioning""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d4"", ""text"": ""Psychology of Sport and Exercise""}, {""id"": ""5995e3a754be8104361ac1d6"", ""text"": ""Sport and Exercise Physiology""}]",https://osf.io/download/60e9682b924b40018d4e8a6a,0,,not_applicable,not_applicable,[],,2025-04-09T20:04:08.273064